Iodine Atomic Number

What Is Iodine Used For
Iodine Atomic Number 53

Iodine (atomic number 53, symbol I) is a chemical element with low toxicity, which dissolves easily in chloroform, hexane, and other organic solvents due to its lack of polarity. The color of iodine solutions depends on the solvent and its polarity. Iodine (I) is a purple grey solid non metal. It has the atomic number 53 in the periodic table. It is located in Group 17, the Halogens. It has the symbol I. Use of the information, documents and data from the ECHA website is subject to the terms and conditions of this Legal Notice, and subject to other binding limitations provided for under applicable law, the information, documents and data made available on the ECHA website may be reproduced, distributed and/or used, totally or in part, for non-commercial purposes provided that ECHA is. The human body contains iodine in the compound thyroxine, which is produced in the thyroid gland. The only naturally occurring isotope of iodine is stable iodine-127. An exceptionally useful radioactive isotope is iodine-131, which has a half-life of eight days.

Chemical properties of iodine - Health effects of iodine - Environmental effects of iodine

Atomic number	53
Atomic mass	126.9045 g.mol^-1
Electronegativity according to Pauling	2.5
Density	4.93 g.cm^-3 at 20°C
Melting point	114 °C
Boiling point	184 °C
Vanderwaals radius	0.177 nm
Ionic radius	0.216 nm (-1) ; 0.05 nm (+7)
Isotopes	15
Electronic shell	[ Kr ] 4d¹⁰ 5s²5p⁵
Energy of first ionisation	1008.7 kJ.mol^-1
Standard potential	+ 0.58 V ( I₂/ I^- )
Discovered	Bernard Courtois in 1811

Iodine

Iodine is a non-metallic, dark-gray/purple-black, lustrous, solid element. Iodine is the most electropositive halogen and the least reactive of the halogens even if it can still form compounds with many elements. Iodine sublime easily on heating to give a purple vapour. Iodine dissolves in some solvents, such as carbon tetrachloride and it is only slightly soluble in water.

Applications

Iodine is used in medical treatment as tincture and iodioform, it is employed in the preparation of certain drugs and in the manufacture of some printing inks and dyes. Silver iodine is used in photography. Iodine is added to almost all the table salt and is used as a supplement to animal feed. It is also an ingredient of water purification tablets that are used for drinking water preparation.
For many of these uses iodine is turned into iodides.

Iodine in the environment

Iodine is added to nearly any kind of salt that is applied. It is an ingredient of bread, sea fish and oceanic plants. Iodine is naturally present in the ocean and some sea fish and water plants will store it in their tissues.

Iodine can be found naturally in air, water and soil. The most important sources of natural iodine are the oceans. About 400.000 tonnes of iodine escape from the oceans every year as iodide in sea spray or as iodide, hydrichloric acid and methyl iodide, produced by marine organisms. Much of it is deposited on land where it may become part of the biocycle.

There are some iodine-containing minerals, such as alutarite, found in Chile and iodargyte, found in Colorado, Nevada and New Mexico. World-wide industrial production of iodine is about 13.000 tonnes per year, mainly in Chile and Japan, plus small amounts in Russia and USA. Iodine is extracted from natural brines and oil brines, which have up to 100 ppm of the element or form chilean nitrate deposits. Known reserves of easily accessible iodine amount is around 2 million tonnes.

Health effects of iodine

Many medicines and cleansers for skin wounds contain iodine.
Iodine is a building material of thyroid hormones that are essential for growth, the nervous system and the metabolism. Humans that eat little to no bread can experience iodine shortages. The function of the thyroid gland will than slow down and the thyroid gland will start swelling up. This phenomenon is called struma. This condition is rare now as table salt is dosed with a little iodide. Large quantities of iodine can be dangerous because the thyroid gland will labour too hastily. This affects the entire body; it causes disturbed heartbeats and loss of weight.

Elemental iodine, I₂, is toxic, and its vapour irritates the eyes and lungs. The maximum allowable concentration in air when working with iodine is just 1 mg m^-3. All iodides are toxic if taken in excess.

Iodine 131 is one of the radionuclides involved in atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons, which began in 1945, with a US test, and ended in 1980 with a Chinese test. It is among the long-lived radionuclides that have produced and will continue to produce increased cancers risk for decades and centuries to come. Iodine 131 increases the risk of cancer and possibly other diseases of the thyroid and those caused by thyroid hormonal deficiency.

Environmental effects of iodine

Iodine in air can combine with water particles and precipitate into water or soils. Iodine in soils will combine with organic matter and remain in the same place for a long time. Plants that grow on these soils may absorb iodine. Cattle and other animals will absorb iodine when they eat these plants.
Iodine in surface water will vaporize and re-enter the air as a result. Humans also add iodine gas to the air, by burning coal or fuel oil for energy. But the amount of iodine that enters the air through human activity is fairly small compared to the amount that vaporizes from the oceans.
Iodine may be radioactive. The radioactive isotopes are formed naturally during chemical reactions in the atmosphere. Most radioactive isotopes of iodine have very short half-lives and will reshape into stable iodine compounds quickly. However, there is one radioactive form of iodine that has a half-live of millions of years and that is seriously harmful to the environment. This isotope enters the air from nuclear power plants, where it is formed during uranium and plutonium processing. Accidents in nuclear power plants have caused the release of large amounts of radioactive iodine into air.

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What Is Iodine Used For

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We elaborate the uses of Iodine and atomic properties with characteristics. Iodine is a chemical element with a violet appearance (Gas) Violet gray (Solid) with atomic number 53. Its symbol is I and it belongs to the group of halogens and its usual state in nature is solid. Iodine is located at position 53 on the periodic table.

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On this page you can discover the chemical properties of iodine and information about iodine and other elements of the periodic table such as bromine, astate, tellurium or xenon. You will also learn what iodine is for and you will know what its uses through its properties associated with iodine such as its atomic number or the usual state in which iodine can be found.

You will be able to see qualities of iodine such as its melting and boiling point, its magnetic properties or what its chemical symbol is. Also, here you will find information about its atomic properties such as the distribution of electrons in iodine atoms and other properties.

For some elements, part of this information is unknown. In these cases we show the properties attributed to them.

Properties of iodine

Elements of the group of halogens such as iodine occur as chemically active diatomic molecules. The name halogen comes from the Greek and its meaning is “salt former”. They are halogen elements, including iodine, they are oxidants. Many organic synthetic compounds and some natural organic compounds contain halogens such as iodine. These types of compounds are known as halogenated compounds.

The state of iodine in its natural form is solid. Iodine is a chemical element with a violet appearance (Gas) Purplish gray (Solid) and belongs to the group of halogens. The atomic number of iodine is 53. The chemical symbol for iodine is I. The melting point of iodine is 355.95 degrees Kelvin or 83.8 degrees Celsius, or degrees Centigrade. The boiling point of iodine is 457.4 degrees Kelvin or 185.25 degrees Celsius or degrees Centigrade.

Iodine is a mineral that our body needs for its proper functioning and can be found in food. Through the following link, you can find a list of foods with iodine .

Atomic Properties of Iodine

The atomic mass of an element is determined by the total mass of neutrons and protons that can be found in a single atom belonging to this element. Regarding the position where to find iodine within the periodic table of elements, iodine is found in group 17 and period 5. Iodine has an atomic mass of 126.90447 u.

The electron configuration of iodine is [Kr] 4d105s25p5. The electronic configuration of the elements determines the way in which the electrons are structured in the atoms of an element. The mean radius of iodine is 140 pm, its atomic radius or Bohr radius is 115 pm, its covalent radius is 133 pm, and its Van der Waals radius is 198 pm. Iodine has a total of 53 electrons whose distribution is as follows: In the first shell it has 2 electrons, in the second it has 8 electrons, in its third shell it has 18 electrons, in the fourth, 18 electrons and in the fifth shell it has 7 electrons.

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Characteristics of iodine

Below you can see a table that shows the main characteristics of iodine.

Iodine
Chemical symbol	I
Atomic number	53
Group	17
Period	5
Appearance	Violet (Gas) Violet gray (Solid)
Block	p
Density	4,940 kg / m3
Atomic mass	126.90447 u
Medium radius	140 pm
Atomic radio	115
Covalent radius	133 pm
Van der Waals radio	198 pm
Electronic configuration	[Kr] 4d105s25p5
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 18, 7
Oxidation states	-1, 1, 3, 5, 7
Oxide	strong acid
Crystal structure	orthorhombic
State	solid
Melting point	355.95 K
Boiling point	457.4 K
Heat of fusion	7,824 kJ / mol
Electronegativity	2.66
Specific heat	145 J / (Kkg)
Electric conductivity	8.0 × 10-8S / m
Thermal conductivity	0.449 W / (Km)

Iodine Atomic Number 53

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